Standards · Sources
Where our numbers come from.
Every claim Nova publishes traces to a primary record. When we estimate, we publish our method.
Multilateral
- World Bank
- KNOMAD
- IMF
- BIS
- OECD
- IOM
- IFAD
- UN DESA
- UNCDF
- JRC European Commission
- IADB
Central banks
- ECB
- Federal Reserve
- BCEAO
- BEAC
- Bank of Ghana
- Central Bank of Nigeria
- Bank Al-Maghrib
- BCRA (Argentina)
- Banque du Liban
- BSP (Philippines)
- TCMB (Turkey)
Securities regulators
- ESMA
- AMF
- CSSF
- BaFin
- FCA
- CONSOB
- CMVM
- CMF
- SEC
Specialised
- Chainalysis
- TRM Labs
- Artemis Analytics
- CoinLaw
- DeFiLlama
- ASPIM
- IEIF
- MSCI
- Knight Frank
- JLL
- CBRE
- PwC Global Crypto Regulation Report
Academic
- ODI
- CGD
- MIDEQ
- CER
- Brookings
- NBER
- CEPR
Nova primary
- Cross-Border Capital Index
- Nova Editorial Board commissioned surveys
- Nova primary corridor research
Sources outside this whitelist are admissible only when cited as primary documentation — official registries, national statistics, government gazettes.